Search results for "Conflict of interest"
showing 10 items of 23 documents
Outcome of liver transplantation for hepatopulmonary syndrome: a Eurotransplant experience.
2019
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a pulmonary vascular complication of liver disease that affects up to 30% of patients with cirrhosis [1]. Intrapulmonary vascular dilatations and shunts result in gas exchange abnormalities, ranging from elevated alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients with no hypoxemia to very severe hypoxemia [1, 2]. Currently, liver transplantation (LT) is the only treatment option [3]. The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) is a scoring system for assessing liver disease severity that has been validated to predict the 3-months waitlist mortality, and is used by Eurotransplant for prioritising allocation of liver transplants [4]. Footnotes This manuscript has recently b…
Tiotropium add-on therapy reduces seasonal peaks of asthma worsening in adults with symptomatic severe asthma
2019
Despite the use of preferred controller therapies (including inhaled corticosteroids [ICS] with or without additional long-acting β2-agonists [LABAs]), a large proportion of patients with asthma have poor disease control, leaving them at risk of recurring symptoms and episodes of asthma exacerbations and worsening [1, 2]. Such problems can be triggered by many different environmental factors including pollutants, respiratory infections or allergens [3]. They may occur sporadically, but are often determined by seasons, mirroring seasonal patterns of allergen exposure and prevalence of respiratory viral infection [3, 4]. They can cause reduced quality of life, increase asthma burden [2, 3], a…
Epilepsy in the Elderly
2009
Epilepsy is the third most common disease affecting the brain in the elderly. Current demographic trends will lead to an increased prevalence of epilepsy in the general population.A selective literature search revealed 102 relevant publications as of September 2008, 50 of which were original articles.The level of evidence was found to be very low. No guidelines, systematic reviews or meta-analyses are available, and there have been only three randomized, double-blind trials of treatment for epilepsy in the elderly. The seizures often escape clinical attention, because premonitory symptoms (aura) and secondary generalization into tonic-clonic seizures are both rarer in older patients. On the…
Disclosing Conflict of Interest - Do Experience and Reputation Matter?
2009
In a controlled laboratory experiment, we investigate the effects of disclosing conflicts of interest on the reporting of information providers. First, we replicate the findings of Cain, Loewenstein, and Moore (2005) that such disclosure makes misreporting more likely as it removes moral concerns. Second, we observe that these effects diminish given experience and find, to the opposite, that disclosure reduces bias in auditors' reporting as predicted by economic theory. Third, we identify disclosure of conflicts of interest as a potential impediment to reputation formation.
Ethics in Legal Research
2023
The essay grapples with one of the most controversial issues about legal research, namely its complex ethical and methodological dimension—here argued to be comparative—assessing the high scientific value of studying law. After clarifying what differentiates such a field of research from other natural and social studies, the authors address the presence of secondary interests and the need to use personal data for scientific purposes, as relevant situations which could undermine the reliability of any legal research or allow its thoroughness at the risk of interfering with human rights. The adherence to a rigorous and effective method in investigating national and foreign law, and the compli…
Comment on the editorial ‘The secret ways of scientists’ in EMBO reports , December 2000
2001
I read ‘The secret ways of scientists’ with much interest and in principle I closely share the view expressed there. However, I am rather suspicious that such a view no longer reflects the truth. It appears to me that the tendency among scientists to start their own biotech companies may lead to a corruption of values and create a rather strange mixture of attitudes. The editorial states that ‘our …
Sunshine Policies and Murky Shadows in Europe: Disclosure of Pharmaceutical Industry Payments to Health Professionals in Nine European Countries
2018
Relationships between health professionals and pharmaceutical manufacturers can unduly influence clinical practice. These relationships are the focus of global transparency efforts, including in Europe. We conducted a descriptive content analysis of the transparency provisions implemented by February 2017 in nine European Union (EU) countries concerning payments to health professionals, with duplicate independent coding of all data. Using an author-generated, semi-structured questionnaire, we collected information from each disclosure policy/code on: target industries, categories of healthcare professionals covered, scope of payments included, location and searchability of the disclosed dat…
Quality-related variables at hepatological websites
2004
Abstract Background. The amount of hepatology-related information available on the Internet has substantially increased, but little is known about the characteristics and quality of the websites. Aim. The aim of this study was to describe analytically and evaluate critically the information concerning three diseases of hepatological interest: chronic hepatitis, hemochromatosis and Caroli’s disease. Methods. In accordance with a validated method, the three search terms were entered into four English language search engines and the first five links of each were considered (a total of 60 sites). The characteristics of the websites were described and their quality was evaluated by three indepen…
Clinical practice evaluation of opioids induced constipation management in cancer patients: The EIO-Praxis project
2019
Abstract Background In 2017, the ECO Foundation (Excellence and Quality in Oncology) completed the EIO-50 project to learn about the diagnostic and treatment criteria of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in cancer patients. The EIO-Praxis project was designed as a continuation of EIO-50, to learn about the current clinical practice of oncology professionals for the management of patients with OIC (process, follow-up and results). Methods 77 health care professionals (HCP) from oncology units participated in the study. Each investigator collected information from 10 medical records of cancer patients who received OIC treatment, with a total of 770 records. In each center, 6 indicators of its…
Cancer prevalence is increased in females with sleep apnoea: data from the ESADA study
2019
[No abstract available]